Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk
gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima
aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action)
baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active,
subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.
Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb
(diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Catatan:
- Auxiliary
verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be,
been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being,
has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will
have been).
- Past
participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh: She can’t drive a car.
(active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active
voice, intransitive)
- Perubahan
bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular
atau irregular.
Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle),
sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Causative Verbs
The English verbs let, make, have, get, and help are
called causative verbs because they cause something else to
happen.
Here are some specific examples of how causative
verbs work in English sentences.
LET , permit something to happen
Grammatical structure:
- LET
+ PERSON/THING + VERB (base form)
Examples:
- I
don’t let my kids watch violent movies.
- Mary’s
father won’t let her adopt a
puppy because he’s allergic to dogs.
- Our
boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our
desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.
- Oops!
I wasn’t paying attention while cooking, and I let the
food
- Don’t let the
advertising expenses surpass $1000.
Remember: The past tense of let is
also let; there is no change!
Note: The verbs allow and permit are
more formal ways to say “let.” However, with allow and permit, we
use to + verb:
- I
don’t allow my kids to watch violent
movies.
- Our
boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at
our desks.
MAKE , force or require someone to
take an action
Grammatical structure:
- MAKE
+ PERSON + VERB (base form)
Examples:
- After
Billy broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him pay for
it.
- My
ex-boyfriend loved sci-fi and made me watch every
episode of his favorite show.
- The
teacher made all the students rewrite their
papers, because the first drafts were not acceptable.
Note: When using the verbs force and require, we
must use to + verb.
- The school requires the
students to wear
“Require” often implies that there is a rule. - The
hijacker forced the pilots to take the
plane in a different direction.
“Force” often implies violence, threats, or extremely strong pressure
HAVE, give someone else the
responsibility to do something
Grammatical structure:
- HAVE
+ PERSON + VERB (base form)
- HAVE
+ THING + PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERB
Examples of grammatical structure #1:
- I’ll have my
assistant call you to reschedule the appointment.
- The
businessman had his secretary make copies
of the report.
Examples of grammatical structure #2:
- I’m
going to have my hair cut
- We’re having our
house painted this weekend.
- Bob had his
teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
- My
washing machine is broken; I need to have it
Note: In informal speech, we often use get in
these cases:
- I’m
going to get my hair cut
- We’re getting our
house painted this weekend.
- Bob got his
teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
- My
washing machine is broken; I need to get it
GET, convince/encourage someone to
do something
Grammatical structure:
- GET
+ PERSON + TO + VERB
Examples:
- How
can we get all the employees to arrive on
time?
- My
husband hates housework; I can never get him to
wash the dishes!
- I was
nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to
try it at a Japanese restaurant.
- The
non-profit got a professional photographer to
take photos at the event for free.
HELP, assist someone in doing something
Grammatical structure:
- HELP
+ PERSON + VERB (base form)
- HELP
+ PERSON + TO + VERB
After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are
correct. In general, the form without “to” is more common:
- He helped me carry the
boxes.
- He helped me to
carry the boxes.
- Reading
before bed helps me
- Reading
before bed helps me to relax.
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